-
A
类雅思各类图表作文要点详解及范文
一
.
曲线图
解题关键
1
曲线图和柱状图都 是动态图,解题的切入点在于描述趋势。
2
在第二段的开头部分对整个曲线进行一个阶段式的总分类,使写作层次清晰,同时也方便
考官阅卷。接下来再分类描述每个阶段的
specific
trend
,同时导入数据作为分类的依据。
3
趋势说明。即,对曲线的连续变化进行说明 ,如上升、下降、波动、持平。以时间为比较
基础的应抓住“变化”:
上 升、
下降、或是波动。题中对两个或两个以上的变量进行描述时
应在此基
础上进行比较,如变量多于两个应进行分类或有侧重的比较。
4
极点说明。即对图表中最高的、最低的点单独进行说明。不以时间为比较基础 的应注意对
极点的描述。
< br>5
交点说明。即对图表当中多根曲线的交点进行对比说明。
6
不要不做任何说明就机械地导入数据,这不 符合雅思的考试目的。
曲线图常用词汇
动词—九大运动趋势
一:表
示向上:
increase
,
rise
,
improve
,
grow
,
ascend
,
mount
,
aggrandize
< p>,go up
,
climb
,
take off
,
jump
,
shoot up
暴涨,
soar
,
rocket
,
skyrocket
举例:人口上升:
the number of population increased/ascended/mounted
等等。
二:表示上升后保持平稳:
flatten out(
下降或升高后变平
)
,
level off
举例:人口上升后保持平稳:
the number of population mounted and leveled off.
三:表
示复苏(下降后再上升)
:
recover
,
bo unce back
举例:人口下降后复苏:
the number of population decreased and recovered.
四:
表示下降:
decrease
,
declin e
,
descend
,
drop
,
fall
,
go
down
,
come
down
,
collapse
,
crash
,
fall off
,
slump
,
plummet
,
plunge
,
slide
,
shrink, dwindle, diminish
举例:人口减少:
the number of population decreased/ declined.
五:表示下降后保持平稳:
bottom out
,
flatten out(
下降或升高后变平
)
举例:人口下降后保持平稳:
the number of population decreased and bottomed out.
六:表示稳定或水平:
remain steady/constant
,
stay stable, stabilize
,
stagnate
,
flatten
out(
下降或升高后变平
)
,
level
off
,
stay
at
the
same
level
,
be
similar
to
,
there is little
/
hardly any
/
no change
举例:表示人口数量保持平稳的时候可以写
: the number of population stayed stable.
/the
number of population remained steady.
七:表示波动:
fluctuate
举例:人口波动:
the number of population fluctuated.
八:表示在底部:
reach a low point
,
bottom out
,
reach the bottom
,
reach the rock
,
hit a trough
九:表示在顶部:
reach
a
peak
,
peak
,
top
out
,
reach
the
highest
point/
the
top/
the
summit/ the
most
,
peak in/at
,
reach the zenith
举例:人口到达了顶峰:
the
number
of
population
peaked/
reached
its
summit/
reached
its
zenith.
形容词和副词—变化程度
abrupt(ly
)(
突然
)
,
sudden(ly)(
< p>突然)
,
dramatic(ally)(
急 剧
)
,
drastic(ally)(
急剧
)
,
sharp(ly)(
急剧
)
,
quick(ly)(
迅速
)
,
rapid(ly)(
迅速
)
,
marked(ly)(
显著
)
,
sig
nificant(ly)(
显著
)
,
consi derable(considerably)(
相当
)
,
substantial(ly)(
相当
)
m
oderate(ly)(
适当
)
,
gradua l(ly)(
逐渐
)
,
slight(ly)(< /p>
轻微
)
,
slow(ly)(
缓慢< /p>
)
,
steady(steadily)(
平缓
)
名词
line
chart
线图,
curve diagram
曲线图,
horizontal axis
横轴,
vertical axis
纵轴,
plateau(
上升后的稳定期
)
,
record high
历史高度,
record low
历史低点,
trough (
曲线
上的
)
最小值,
zenith(
最高值
< p>), general trend,
upward/downward tend
增加:
an
increase
,
a
rise
,
a
growth
,
an
improvement
,
an
upturn
,
a
surge
,
an
upsurge
,
an upward
trend
下降:
a fall
,
a decrease
,
a decline
,
a drop
,
a downturn
,
a downturn trend
,
low
point
,
reduction
波动:
fluctuation
介词
一
. remain steady/ stay stable/ level off/ bottom out/ peak/reach its peak/ reach
its
zenith
后面需要使用的是
at.
举例
: 1.
人口在
500
万上保持平稳
: The number of population remained steady at 5
million.
2.
人口在
800
万时到达了顶峰
: The number of population peaked at 8 million.
3.
下降后,
人口在
400
< p>万保持平稳:After
decreasing,
the
number
of
population
bottomed
out at 4 million.
4.
上升后,人口在
700
万保持平稳
:
After
mounting,
the
number
of
population
leveled
off at 7 million.
二
.
上升
/
下降后面使 用
to(
到
)
和
by(
< p>了)
举例
:
1.
人口下降到
200
万
: number of population decreased to 2 million.
2.
人口下降了
200
万
: number of population decreased by 2 million.
3.
人口上升到
1000
万
: number of population increased to 10 million.
4.
人口上升了
500
万
: number of population increased by 5 million.
三
. recover
的后面大家需要使用的是
from
举例
:
人口在
200
万时开始复苏
: The number of population recovered from 2 million.
四
. fluctuate
的后面大家需要连接
between …and…
举例
:
人口在
< p>20和
100
亿之间波动
:
The
number
of
population
fluctuated
between
2
and
10 billion.
曲线图常用表达
开头概述常用表达
1) The line
chart depicts the changes in the number of _____
over the period from
2000 to
2004
.
该曲线图描述了从
2000
年到
2004
年
_____
数量的变化。
2
)
The chart provides some data regarding the fluctuations of _____ from 2000 to
2004
.
该曲线图描述了从
2000
年到
2004
年
_____
的变动 。
3) The
graph
,
presented in the curve diagram
,
shows the general trend in _____.
该图以曲线图的形式描述了
_____
总的趋势。
4) This is a line chart showing _____.
这是一个曲线图,描述了
_____
。
5) As can be seen from the
graph
,
the two curves show the fluctuations of _____.
如图所示,两条曲线描述了
_____
波动的情 况。
描述曲线常用表达
1)The
_____
in
the
graph
is
measured
in
units
,
each
of
which
is
equivalent
to
_____.
图表中的
_____
以
_____
为单位,每单位等于
_____
。
2)
The horizontal axis stands for _____.
横轴代表了
_____
。
3) The vertical axis stands for _____.
纵轴代表了
_____
。
4)There
was
a
rapid
(/dramatic
/
drast ic
/
sharp
/
great
/
remarkable
/
slight
/
little
/
slow)
increase (/rise
/
decrease
/
drop p>
/
fall
/
decline) of A over the period from
_____ to _____.
从
_____
到
_____
期间
A
有快速
/
剧烈/急速/很大/明显/很小/几乎没有/缓
慢地增长/下降。
5) The curve appeared
to level off in 1988
.
曲线似乎在
1988
年稳定下来。
6) The situation reached a peak (/high
point) at _____ in 2000.
< p>这种情况在
2000
年到达一个顶点,为
_____
。
7) The situation fell down
to (/reached) the bottom in 2000
.
这种情况在
2000
年降到低谷。
8) The figures hit a trough in
2000
.
这些数字
2000
年降到最低点。
4.5.3.5
曲线图模板
The line chart compares the rate of
A
and
B
. It can be clearly seen that
_____.
A _____.
In contrast
,
B _____.
In
conclusion, we can see from the chart that _____.
范文
You
should spend about 20 minutes on this task.
The graph and table below
give information about water use worldwide and
water
consumption in two different
countries.
Summarise the
information by selecting and reporting the main
features, and make
comparisons where
relevant.
Write at least 150 words
model
answer:
The
graph
shows
how
the
amount
of
water
used
worldwide
changed
between
1900
and
2000.
Throughout the century, the largest
quantity of water was used for agricultural
Purposes, and this increased
dramatically from about 500 km? to around 3,000
km?
in
the
year
2000.
Water
used
in
the
industrial
and
domestic
sectors
also
increased,
but consumption was
minimal until mid-century. From 1950 onwards,
industrial use
grew steadily to just
over 1,000 km?, while domestic use rose more
slowly to only
300 km?, both far
b
elow the levels of consumption by agriculture.
The table
illustrates the differences in agriculture
consumption in some areas of
the world
by contrasting the amount of irrigated land in
Brazil (26,500 km?) with
that in the
D.R.C. (100 km?). This means tha
t a huge amount of water is used in
agriculture
in Brazil, and this is reflected in the figures
for water consumption
per person: 359
m? compared with only 8 m? in the Congo. With a
population of 176
million,
the
figures
for
Brazil
indicate
how
high
agriculture
water
consumption
can
be in some countries.
(180 words)
二
.
流程图
解题关键
流程图
flow
charts
是一个难 点。流程图的题目基本不会重复;流程图的词汇随着图表不同
而变化,很少出现重复的词
汇。幸运的是,流程图考题次数并不多,一年大概三到五次,主
要集中在年初年末三个月
。
流程图特点:
1
流程图基本不会出现数据,文字信息占主要地位;
2
流程图以描述为主,比较的机会比图表题少;
3
流程图中出现的信息都需要描述,而普通图 表则不需要描述每一个数据;
4
流程图的时态多比较单一,主要用一般现在时;
5
流程图的分段比较灵活, 只要不同阶段之间的差距很明显,就可以另起一段。
描述流程五大步
1
首先说明该过程是做什么工作的,目的是什么。
2
准备工作。
3
按时间/过程先后描述。
4
结果。
5
简单总结
(
可有可无
)
。
描述一个实物/器具的工作过程
1
实物是什么,做什么用的。
2
基本结构。
3
工作过程。
4
简单总结。
扩充内容的关键:阶段间进行比较
很多烤鸭们在流程图写作中经常遇到字数不够的问题,
这是由于描述过程太平铺直 叙。
此时
要注意各个阶段的比较。
例:
In two weeks
,
the fry will grow up to two inches long
.
解析:原句过于简单,可以增加鱼苗和前一阶段的比较。
改正:
In
two
weeks,
the
fry
will
grow
up
to
two
inches
long,
more
than
twice
longer
than it was
when hatched
.
大意:在两周的时间内,鱼苗长到了两英寸,比刚孵化的时候长两倍还要多。
例:
In the second step
,
workers will rinse bottle glass of any colour
.
解析:原句过于简单,可以增加一点说明,譬如说关于第二阶段产生的变化和结果。
改正:
In
the
second
step
,
workers
will
rinse
bottle
glass
of
any
colour
.
While
the
glass in the first phase is possibly
life-threatening and
contaminated
,
the glass
is
now hygeian and ready for the next stage of the
recycling process
.
大意:
在第二步,
工作人员会清洗各种颜色的玻璃。
第一阶段的玻璃可能是危害健康并被污
染的,而这一阶段的玻璃是卫生的,可以为循环过
程的下一步做准备。
例:
In
the
second
phase
of
urban
sprawl
,
land
developers
start
to
build
a
residential
area
.
解析:原句过于简单,可以增加一点说明,譬如说关于第二阶
段的功能和目的。
改正:
In the second phase of urban sprawl
,
land developers start to build a
residential
area
.
It is
to serve the
needs of those people working in
those office
blocks and
factories built in the first phase
.
大意:
在城市扩张的第二阶段,
土地开发商开始建造居民区。
这是为了满足在第一阶段所建
办公楼和工
厂里工作的人们的需要。
范文
You should spend about 20 minutes on
this task.
The
flowchart
illustrates
the
production
of
coloured
plastic
paper
clips
in
a
small
factory.