-
四六级看图作文写作技巧
一、
看图作文简介
看图作文是借助于图画或图表进行写作的
一种文体。
它要求作者将
画面直观的内容或图片包含的信息转换成传神表
意的文字形式,属于
说明文性质。其目的是考察考生的观察分析能力、想象力和语言表达
能力。
看图作文要求:
( p>
1
)
主题明确,即能概括画面或图表所反映的中心
议题;
(
2
)图文一致,即要包括画面或图表中所反映的主要 内容。
看图作文一般分为两种:
(
1< /p>
)看图画或图片作文;
(
2
)看图表、曲
< p>线图作文。前者通常采用叙述式(
narration
)
< p>写作方式,而后者采用议
论式(
argumenta tion
)
。
从大学英语四、六级考试
和研究生入学英语考试来看,图表作文的
命题模式基本如下:给出标题、图画或图表、写
作提纲、半小时内写
出一篇
120-180
字左右的评论 性文章。
一般要求写三方面的内容:第
一段说明该图画或图表所反映的一
个现象;第二段分析该现象出现的
诸多原因;第三段对该现象进行评论或发表想法。
p>
有时候,命题要求
尽可能少地引用图表中出现的数据,只要求概括图表所反映
的总情况
和总趋势。
下面结合四、六级及研究生入学英语考试中图表作文的模式,分别
谈一下两类作文中有
关图画和图表的写作要领。
二、
看图画作文的写作要领
看图画作文实质上就是描述、分析并评论一幅(或一组)图所反映
的社会
现象。对图画进行描述时,一般以被观察者为对象,联系图片
中所包含的背景、插入的文
字等,揣摩作者的绘画意图,以观众的口
吻进行解说。如果看的是一组图画,就得按照图
示的顺序,
对画面上
的内容进行整体分析,去除细枝末节,分清主次,抓
住图画后隐藏的
中心意思进行解说。切莫象记流水帐一样把所看到的、想到的细节全
p>
部写出来,这只会使读者感到乏味无趣。
想象你自己就是这位画家,
在画这副画之前,你首先要构思画的内容;其次是构思作画的步骤,
先画
什么,后画什么;然后将你的构思用文字叙述出来,你对该图画
的描述就完成了。
下面以
1998
年研究生入学考试的看图画作 文为例进行详细解释。
例图与范文
Directions:
A.
Study the following cartoon carefully and write an essay in no less
than 150
words.
B.
Your essay must be written clearly on the ANSWER SHEET II.
1
C.
Your essay should meet the requirements below:
1.
Write out the message conveyed by the cartoon.
2.
Give your comments.
如此承诺
各行各业兴承诺
欢迎监督不推托
原本皆为份内事
须高唱文明歌
Such a promise
Recently, more and more people have seen varieties of promises either
from
TV
,
newspaper
or
from
other
media.
As
is
shown
in
the
cartoon,
even a hen
has learned how to promise.
We all know that a hen’s duty is
to
lay
eggs
which
should
undoubtedly
consist
of
most
elementary
parts.
But the hen promises what she should
do.
With the development of the society and the improvement of
people’s
living standard,
more and more attention is paid to the improvement of
the
quality
of
service.
Therefore,
many
enterprises
and
departments
promise to better their services so as
to meet people’s need better.
They
are also pleased to invite people to
supervise what they have done and will
do. But much to our surprise, some of
them just promise what they should
do.
These promises are only laughed at by people.
In
my
opinion,
doing
more
is
better
than
promising
more.
We
should
lay
more
emphasis
on
what
we
do
and
how
we
can
virtually
improve
the
level
of
service.
Only
in
this
way
can
we
make
people
satisfied with what we
do.
三、
看图表作文的写作要领
我们常见的图表大致可以分为两
类:一类是表(
table
)或表格
(
c hart
)
;另一类是示意图(
diagram
) 或曲线图(
graph
)
。前一类是传
2
达各种统计数字和数据的简明形式;后一类是信息的视觉表现。
图表作文与看图作文有较大区别。
前者通常是用实实在在的科学数
据反映和说明事物某方面的真实情况,重在说明事实,来不得半点想
象和发挥
,
它往往要求作者通过运用图表中的数据来进行说明、
解释、
对比和对照,阐明某种事实,说明某种道理,反映某种变化等等,也
就是要找出图表
内规律性、概括性和趋向性的内容,从而解释图表的
含义。
< p>
要写好图表作文,
首先要看懂图表,
弄清图表中各个数据间的关系,
分清主次,明确主题,接着在文字叙述时,要做到:
< br>(
1
)反映出图表所要表达的核心思想和重要内容,避免简单地将
图表不分主次地从头到尾复述一遍;
(
2
)必要时,可将图表中列举的数据或项目进行分类;
(
3
)说明图表时,尽量不要遗漏其特点或规律,分析要基于事实、
合乎逻辑,不可主观臆想,任意发挥。
另外,有一些细节问题不可忽视:
(
1
)注意图表的参照时间和图表所使用的单位
(
2
)注意时态的选择,即采用什么时态写作。一般来说,没有参
< br>照时间的表格和图表,
通常用一般现在时;
有参照时间的表格和图表, p>
用一般过去时;
但如果叙述的是现在的情况,
就必须采用一般 现在时。
现将这两类图表的写作要领分别举例说明如下:
(一)表格
对表格的叙述可以自上而下,从左
到右进行。下面以
1991
年
6
月
全国大学英语四级看表格作文为例,分析其写作思路。
Directions
:
For
this
part
,
you
are
allowed
30
minutes
to
write
a
composition
of
no
less
than
100
words
on
Changes
in
People's
Diet
?
Study the following
table carefully and your composition must be based
on
the information given in the
table
.
Write three paragraphs to
(
1
)
state the changes in people's diet in the past five years
;
(
2
)
give possible reasons for the changes
;
(
3
)
draw your own conclusions
.
You
should quote as few figures as
possible
.
food
year
1986
49%
10%
17%
24%
1987
47%
11%
20%
22%
1988
46.5%
11%
22.5%
20%
1989
45%
12%
23%
20%
1990
45%
13%
21%
21%
3
Grain
Milk
Meat
Fruit and
Vegetables
Total
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
看过表格后,具体写作步骤如下:
1
.细读作文要求,如什么标题,要求多少段落,多少字数。从表
格外提供给我们的
要求来看,我们知道:该作文标题为
Changes
in
People’s
Diet
,要求作者分三段描绘并限制字数不少于一百。
2
.接下来,看表格内提供的文字信息,着重寻找“变化”
。从左往
< p>右看,表格的第一列列举了人们日常生活所消耗的各类食品名称;从
上往下
看,表格的第一行是从
1986
至
1990
五个连 续的年份;从每一
竖栏看,
所列百分数是各类食品在每年中占全部食品消 耗量的百分比,
且谷类食品在五年内所占全部食品的比例均为最大,为人们的主要食
p>
物,而牛奶所占比例最小;从每一横栏看,每一类食品所占比例均有
变化,其中粮食的消费量逐年减少,牛奶、肉类的消费量逐年增多,
而水果和蔬菜有升有
降,
在表格中表示的意义不明显,
可以忽略不记。
通过以
上步骤,
我们可以得出结论:近年来,人们的食品结构发生了
显著变化,
这个变化就是我们要重点说明或阐释的事实和依据,它构
成文章的第一段。
3
.组织材料,构思每一段的主题句,注意文章各段落间的衔接和< /p>
过渡。第一段的主题句必须交代四个要素:表格研究的时间段(
1986< /p>
-
1990
年)
、研究的对象(人们的饮食 结构)
、研究所采用的数据形式
(百分比而非具体的数字)
和研究的结论
(存在巨大变化)
。
第二段写
“可能的理由
(
possible reasons
)
”
。
由于主要变化是谷物消耗降低,
牛
< br>奶、肉类消费与年上升。而前者下降源于后者上升。那么,
作者要思
考的问题就简化为:为什么牛奶和肉类的消费增加?作者可以根据自
己的认识、体验来
阐释,只要言之有理,思路清晰,即可得分。
第三
段基于第二段的分析得
出相应的结论。
根据上述构思,
参考范文如下:
Changes in People's Diet
As can be seen from the
table
,
great changes have taken place in
people's
diet
over
the
period
from
1986
to
1990.
The
consumption
of
grain, the
main food of people is decreasing year by
year
,
while that of
some
high-energy food, such as milk and meat, is
increasing steadily.
There
are
two
main
reasons
for
these
changes
in
people's
diet
.
Firs t
,
with the economic development, common people earn more
money, so they
can afford milk and meat.
Second,
more and more people
come to realize
the importance of a balanced diet to their health
and they
need to consume a certain
amount of milk and meat.
From
the
above-mentioned
,
we
are
very
glad
to
see
that
the
living
standards of our people are being
improved
.
But
on the other hand
,
if
people eat too
much high-nutrition food, some problems will
arise. In my
opinion, we should always
keep balance in our diet
.
4
(二)
曲线图
对于曲线图,可以从图中某一曲线的起点着手,沿线向前推进,加
以说明。
1991
年
6
月大学英语六级看曲线图 作文为例,
分析其
写作思路。
Directions:
You are allowed 30
minutes to write a composition based
on
the
graph
below.
Your
composition
must
be
written
according
to
the
following outline:
1.
Rise and fall of the rate of car accidents as indicated by the graph.
2.
Possible reason(s) for the decline of car accidents in the city.
3.
Your prediction of what will happen this year.
Your
composition
should
be
no
less
than
120
words
and
you
should
quote as few
figures as possible.
50
40
30
20
10
p>
0
J
a
n
F
e
b
M
a
r
A
p
< br>r
M
a
y
J
u
n
e
J
u
l
y
A
p>
u
g
S
e
p
t
O
c
t
N
o
v
< br>D
e
c
39
22
25
32
30
33
27
26
34
30
19
16
The
number of car accidents in this city
fluctuated
during the year
of
1990.
It
increased
in
the
first
three
months
and
decreased
in
the
following
three
months.
After
that,
the
number
of
car
accidents
went
up
again. In August, the number
reached the top. Since then, car accidents had
been reduced remarkably. There were
only 16 car accidents in December.
There
were
several
reasons
for
the
decline
of
car
accidents
in
the
city
.
First
,
some
new
roads
were
built
and
some
narrow
streets
were
widened,
which reduced the flow of traffic.
Second
, a new traffic law was
made and came into force. The new
traffic regulations laid down in the law
are stricter than the old ones.
Third
, the city administration strengthened
the
education
of
keeping
traffic
rules.
People,
especially
drivers
realized
the
importance of keeping the rules.
From
the
rise
and
fall
rate
of
car
accidents
in
the
graph,
we
can
predict that the rate of car accidents
will go on falling because the new
measures afford some guarantee.
5
(三)条状图
条状图由长方形的图形组成。<
/p>
这些长方形表示某一整体的各个组成
部分,也表示各种数据资料或材料物体
的比较与对比的关系。条状图
往往使这种关系形象化、视觉化。
下面以< /p>
2002
年
6
月大学英语四、六
级看条状图作文为例,分析其写作思路。
Directions:
For
this
part,
you
are
allowed
thirty
minutes
to
write
a
composition on the topic: Student Use
of Computers. You should write at
least
120
words,
and
base
your
composition
on
the
chart
and
the
outline
given
below:
1.
< p>上图所示为
1990
年、
1995
年、
2000
年某校大学生使用计算机的情
况,请描述其变化;
p>
2.
请说明发生这些变化的原因(可从计 算机的用途、价格或社会发展
等方面加以说明)
;
3.
你认为目前大学生在使用计算机中有什么困难或问题。
Student Use of Computers
This
bar
chart
reveals
the
tremendous
growth
in
student
use
of
computers.
While in 1990, the average number of hours a student spent on
the computer was about one hour per
week, it grew to nearly four hours by
1995, and another five years later to
approximately 20 hours.
There
are
several
reasons
for
this
.
First
,
computers
do
facilitate
people in such
aspects as word processing, book keeping and
multimedia
presentations.
Second
,
since
1990,
the
prices
of
computer
hardware
and
software as
well as the Internet usage charges have dropped
significantly,
which
enables
more
students
to
afford
them.
Finally
,
students
can
get
entertained and relaxed by playing
computer games, listening to music or
watching movies on the Internet
While
computers
are
of
great
assistance
to
students,
they
also
pose
some
challenges.
For
one
thing
,
computers’
poor
quality
or
out
-of-date
6
designs bother us a lot.
For another
, too many students indulge in playing
computer games and
neglect their study.
(四)饼状图
整个饼状图当然等于百分之一百
,
图中的各个部分代表一定的百分
比。
在分析饼状图时, 首先要明确饼状图的主题,即图形表达的是什
么。其次,应该看一下整个图形分成几个小
部分,各代表什么项目以
及其所占整个饼状图的百分比是多少。
然后再对 其各个部分进行比较、
分析、解释和描写。
切记饼状图的表达方式:
1
.
整个饼状图划分为各个小部分。
2
.
每部分以百分比表示相互间的关系。
3
.
各部分可以用线条隔开或用不同色彩来表示。
请参考例图和范文:
A Diagram of Expenditure
Tobacco
< br>5%
Alcoholic
Drink
5%
Clothing and
Footwear
10%
Other Expenditu
re
14%
Food
25%
Housing
12%
Fuel
< br>6%
Service
8%
Tra
nsport
15%
As
can
be
seen
from
the
pie
diagram,
the
main
expenditure
of
an
average
British
family
is
spent
on
food,
which
accounts
for
25%
of
its
total expenditure. The next two
significant expending items are transport
and housing, which are 15% and 12%
respectively. If we
take
clothing and
footwear
into account
, which
makes up
10%, the above-mentioned four
essentials of
life
amount to
62% of the total expenditure.
From these figures one can
easily see that the cost of living in England
is very high.
By
the
way,
both
tobacco
and
alcoholic
drink
expenditures
are
5%
respectively,
so
it
is
not
surprising
to
say
that
the
British
must
be
great
tobacco and alcoholic
consumers.
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
上一篇:四级作文5篇范文和模板
下一篇:英语饼图作文万能模板