-
2016年北京航空航天大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解
Par
t
I.
Vocabulary
and
Struct ure
(30
points
in
total,
1
point
each)
Direction
s:There
are
30
incomplete
sentences
in
this
part.
Fo r
each
sentence
there
are
fourchoices
marked
A,
B,
C
and
D.
Choose
t he
ONE
answer
that
bes t
completes
the
sentence
a nd
write
the
corresponding
letter
on
the
Answer
Sheet.
1．This
liquid
is
< p>highly_____;
it
should
be
kept
in
a
tightly
stopped
bottle.
A.
volatile
B.
voluble
C.
vol uptuous
D.
voracious
【答案
】A
【解析】
句意：
这种液体极易挥发，
因此它应该储存在密封严实的容器里。A项表示
“
液体等易挥发
的（化学）
”
，符合句意。voluble健谈的；缠绕的。v
oluptuous撩人
的；骄奢淫逸的。voracious贪婪的；如饥似渴的。答
案为A。
2．The
_____
workroom
has
not
been
used
in
years.
A.
bereft
B.
bustling
C.
derelict
D.
stricken
【答案】C
【解
析】句意：那个废弃的工作室好几年没用了。A项表示
“
废弃的
；玩忽职守的
”
，
符合句意。
bereft被剥夺的；
失去
……
的。<
/p>
bustling熙熙攘攘的；
忙乱的。
stricken
患病的；受侵害的。故答案为C。
3．He
refuse d
to
see
anyone
and
remained
a
_____
all
his
life.
A.
heretic
B.
fugitive
C.
hermit
D.
veteran
【答案】C
【解析】句
意：他拒绝见任何人，一直都过着隐士生活。C项
“
隐士；隐居者
”
，符合
题意。heretic异端分子；离经叛道者。fugitiv
e逃亡者。veteran退伍军人；经验
丰富的人。答案为C。
4．This
spacious
room
is
_ ____
furnished
with
just
a
few
articles
in
it.
A.
lightly
B.
sparsely< /p>
C.
hardly
D.
rarely
【答案】B
【解析】句意：这间宽
敞的房间除了几件艺术品之外，几乎没别的什么装饰了。B
项sparsely的英文解
释
“
small
amounts
or
numbers
often
spread
over
a
large
area
”
前面有个sp acious指代
a
large
area。
lig htly少量地；轻微地。稀疏地；
贫乏地。hardly几乎不，；刚刚。rarel
y很少地；难得。答案为B。
5．By
the
end
of
the
19th
century,
Arthur
Rackham
was
devoting
< p>mostof
his
time
to< /p>
book
_____
though
he
also
drew
for
magazine.
< br>A.
illustration
B.
design ation
C.
restoration
D.<
/p>
identification
【答案】A
【解析
】句意：到19世纪末，亚瑟拉克姆将大部分时间都用在书籍插图上，尽管他
也为杂志作
画。illustration的英文释义为
“
An
illust ration
in
a
book
is
a
picture,
design,
or
diagram.
”
，表示
“
插图；图案
”
，符合题意。designation名
称；标示。resto
ration（规章制度等的）恢复;
复原。identification识别；身份
证明。答案为A。
6．I
could
no t
wish
for
a
more
__ ___
occasion
to
announce
m y
plan
to
enlarge
our<
/p>
establishment.
A.
benign
B.
ominous
C.
propiti ous
D.
portentous
【答案】C<
/p>
【解析】
句意：
这个场合用来宣布我的关于扩大我们企业的 计划实在是再好不过了。
could
not
wish
for
a
more
…
是wish用法的一种，表示
“
没有什么更
……
的了
”
。
propitious意为
“
适合的；吉利的
”
，符合题意。
benign良性的；和蔼的。ominous
预兆的；
不祥的。portentous预示未来的;
影响重大的。
7．The<
/p>
effectiveness
of
government
< p>dependson
the
willingness
of
the
governed
to
give
up
some
degree
of
freedom
and
_____
the
l aws
in
return
for
the
< p>assurance
of
an
orderly
existence.
A.
profit
by< /p>
B.
resort
to
C.
conform
to
D.
abide
< p>by
【答案】D
【解析】
句意：
< p>政府工作的有效性取决于被统治者放弃一定程度的自由并遵守法律，
并将其作为回报政府保证有序存在的意愿。abide
by
the
law为固定搭配，意为
“
遵
守法律
”
，
多表强制性的。
profit
by从< /p>
……
中得利。
resort
to诉诸，
求助于。
conform
to符合；遵照。答案为D。
8．She
has
taken
a
____ _
to
wearing
my
shoes
< p>aroundthe
house.
A.
interest
B.
fancy
C.
crush
D.
mania
【答案】B
【解析】句意：她喜欢上穿着我的鞋子在房里逛。take
a
< p>fancyto为固定搭配，意
为
“
喜欢上某人或某事
”
，常指新消遣。注意to
后面跟名词性短语而不是不定式。答
案为B。
9．Ever
since
the
rise
of
ind ustrialism,
education
has
been
_____
towards
producing
workers.
A.
harnessed
B
.
hatched
C.
motivated
D.
geared
【答案】D
【解析
】
句意：
随着产业主义的兴起，
教育已经该适应产业工人的需要了 。
be
geared
to/towards为固定搭配，
意为
“
面向、适应
……
的需要
”< /p>
。答案为D。
10．Overindulgence
___ __
character
as
well
as
physical
stamina.
A.
deb ilitates
B.
disregards
C
.
fortifies
D.
strengthens
【答案】A
【解析】句意：过度放纵不仅损耗身体耐力，而且削弱人
的性格。A项debilitate
表示
“
逐步削弱
“
符合题意。disregard对
……
置之不理。f ortifiy巩固，强化。
strengthen加强，增强。答案为A。
11．We
’
ll
_____
you
for
any
damage
do ne
to
your
house
while
we
are
in
it.
A.
cempensate
B.
remedy
C.
supplement
D.
retrieve
【答案】A
【解析】
句意：
我们会对 居住期间你房子遭到的任何破坏进行补偿。
语义连贯题。
A
项compensate补偿，赔偿；多为
compensate< /p>
sb．for
damage/losses。remedy纠正
(错误等)。supplement补充(数量之不足)。retrieve挽回(损失)；多为retri eve
one's
losses。答案为A。
1
2．For
all
their
Continental
< p>_____,Europeans
can
be
remarkably
lax
about
e-mail<
/p>
security.
A.
fastidiousness< /p>
B.
fraternity
C.
f rugality
D.
futility
【答案
】A
【解析】句意：对严谨的欧洲大陆来说，其邮件安全措施却十分松懈。A项表示
“
一
丝不苟；严格
”
，符合题意。fraternity友爱；志趣相投者。frugality俭省，节
俭。
futility无用；徒劳。答案为A。
13．At
the
_____
of
his
powe r,
Powhatan
ruled
so
many< /p>
Algonquian
tribes
that
he
needed
eight
interpreters
just
to
converse
with
members
of
his
own
aff
iliated
tribes.
A.
ascent
B.
fatigue
C.
sphere
D.
zenith
【答案】D
< br>【解析】句意：在他权利的鼎盛时期，波瓦坦统治了许多阿尔昆冈语族部落，因此
他需要八个翻译人员来与自己的附属部落成员交谈。
A项表示
“
顶峰；
最高点
”
，
符合
题意。ascent上升；上坡路。fatigue
疲劳，疲乏。 sphere范围；球体。答案为D。
14．We
met
Mary
and
her
husband
at
a
party
two
months
ago .
_____
we
’
ve
had
no
further
communica tion.
A.
Thereof
B.
C.
Thereafter
D.
Thereabouts
【答案】A
【解析
】句意：两个月前，我们在一个聚会上见到了玛丽和她的丈夫，之后就再也
没联系过。<
/p>
Thereof表示
“
由此；
在其中(置于所修饰的 名词后)
”
，
符合题意。
thereby
从而；因此。thereafter其后；从此之后。thereabouts大约；左右。
15．Even
though
you
just
got
fired,
remember
_____
—
at
least
you
don< /p>
’
t
have
to
work
for
that
grouchy
boss
anymore!
A.
that
it
happens
only
once
in
a
blue
moon
B.
which
side
your
bread
is< /p>
buttered
on
C.
that
every
cloud
has
a
silv er
lining
D.
that
it
is
not
yet
time
to
throw
in
the
towel
【答案】C
【解析】句意：即使你被解雇了，也要记住，柳暗花明又一村，至少你再也
不用为
那个坏脾气的老板工作了。Every
cloud
has
a
silver
lining为常见俚语，表示
< p>“
柳
暗花明又一村；困境中总会出现转机
”
。答案为C。
16．That
old
< p>manis
more
than
80
< p>yearsold,
but
he
is
as
fit
as
a
_____.
< p>A.
fad
B.
fetter
C.
flint
D.
fiddle
< p>【答案】D
【解析】句意：那位老人80多岁了，但是他仍然十分健康。a
s
fit
as
a
fiddle为
< br>固定搭配，意为
“
非常健康；神采奕奕
”
， 符合题意。fad时尚；一时的爱好。fetter
束缚；羁绊。flint燧石；打火
石。答案为D。
17．The
speaker
had
to
_____
in
the
middl e
of
his
speech
because
of
shouts
of
protest
from
the
audience.
A.
break
down
B.
break
out
C.
break
off
D.
break
up
【答案】C
【解析】句意：由于听众的高声抗议，演讲者不得不中途停止演讲。此题考查动词
bre
ak与介
（副）
词搭配成词组时，
词组的不同含义。break< /p>
down损坏；
抛锚。break
out突然发生；爆发。
break
off中止；停下。break
up分开；终止。；break
up与
break
off的区别可用下面的例子说明：He
broke
off
(speaking)
to
answer
the
telephone.(他停下来去接电话。
)
Their
marriage
finally
b roke
up.(他们的婚
姻最终结束了。)所以，此题应选C项。
18．In
times
of
difficul ty,
he
had
to
_____
his
family
by
selling
news papers.
A.
care
for
B.
provide
for
C.
at tend
on
D.
wait
on
【答案】B
【解析】句意：困难时期，他不得不靠卖报纸养活家人。pr
ovide
for供养；为
…
作
准备。c
are
for关心，照顾；喜欢。attend
on照料；侍候。wait
on服侍；焦急地
等待。答案为B。
19．Not
until
the
1850
’
s
_____
in
New
Yor k
seek
to
rescue
historic< /p>
buildings
from
destruction
or
alteration.
A.
some< /p>
concerned
citizens
B.
did
some
concerned
citizens
< p>C.
some
citizens
concerned
D.
when
some
concerne d
citizens
did
【答案】B
< br>【解析】
句意：
直到十九世纪50年代,纽约的一些热心市民才着手拯救美 国的历史建
筑,
以防被破坏或改建。not
until位 于句首时，主语和谓语必须实行部分倒装，即
将助动词、情态动词移到主语前。其结构为
:
“
Not
until+从句/表时间的词+助动词
+(主句)主语+谓语+
”
。答案为B。
20
．His
reputation
in
his
pro fession
was
_____
he
grew< /p>
rich,
and
retired
to
an
estate.
A.
so
as
that
B.
such
as
that
C.
so
that
D.
such
that
【答案】B
【解析】句意：他在这个行业的声誉是这样的：他逐渐变得富有，退休时拥有一套
房
产。such
that
连在一起时，表
“
结果
”
,即
that
后面的句子所表达的是前面句子
带来的结果。答案为B。
21．The
square< /p>
is
500
yards
wide,
f ive
times
_____
the
size
of
St.
Peter
’
s
in
Rome.
A.
/< /p>
B.
that
of
C.
is
D.
of
【
答案】A
【解析】句意：这个广场500码宽，是罗马圣彼得广场的5倍。倍数表示题。
通常，
英语中倍数表示法有如下几种：
a．
主语+谓语+ 倍数(或分数)+as+adj.+as。
例如：
I
ha
ve
three
times
as
many
as
you.
(我有你三倍那么多)b．主语+谓语+倍数(分
< p>数)+the
size(amount，length...)of...例如：T he
earth
is
49
times
the
size
of
the
moon.
c．
主语+谓语+倍数(分数)+形容词(副词)比较级+than...例如：
The
grain
output
is
8
percent
higher
this
year
than
that
of
last
year.
(今年比去年
粮食产量增加8%)
d ．
还可以用by+倍数，
表示增加多少倍。
例如：
The
production
of
grain
been
increased
by
fo ur
times
this
year.
(今年粮食产 量增加了4倍)
本题正是第二种用法，故A正确。
22．The
less
the
surface
of
the
ground
yields
to
the< /p>
weight
of
the
body
o f
a
runner,
____ _
to
the
body.
A.
stress
it
is
greater
B.
greater
is
the
stress
C.
greater
stress< /p>
is
D.
the
greater
< p>thestress
【答案】D
【解析】句
意：地表承受跑步者身体重量的面积越小，跑步者身体所承受的压力就
越大。本题考察<
/p>
“
the
more
…
the
more
…”
结构，
表示
“
越
……
越
……”
，前面的句子
为状语从句，后
面的句子为主句。要求将
“
the
more
…
the
more
…”
置于句首。答案
为D。
23．The
board
deemed
it
urgent
that
these
files
_____
ri ght
away.
A.
had
to
be
printed
B.
should
have
been
printed
C.
be
printed
D.
s hould
be
printed
【答案】D
【解析】句意：董事会认为立即印刷这些文件十分紧急。过去将来时。urgent后面
的从句用虚拟语气：should
do，should可以省略。这里是被动语态，因 此选should
be
printed。答案为D。
24．_____,
in
the
late
18 00
’
s,
some
libra ries
had
to
keep
as
many
as
twenty
to
thir ty
copies
of
each
of
Mary
Jane
Holmes
’
s
< p>bookson
hand.
A.
In ventories
showing
B.
That
show
inventories
C.
Inve ntories
show
that
D.
S howing
the
inventories
【答案】C
【解析】句意：库存显示，在1800年代后期，一些图书馆手中不得不持有多达二十<
/p>
到三十本Mary
Jane
Holmes每一本书的副本。 本句中in
the
late
1800
’
< p>s为插入语，
some后的部分为从句，
前面缺少主句，
< p>及连接词，应在答案中选择完整的主谓结构，
C项符合题意。
25．The
professor
can
har dly
find
sufficient
grounds
< p>_____his
argument
in
favor
of
the
new
theory.
A.
which
to
base
< p>on
B.
on
which
to
base
C.
to
base
on
which
D.
which
to
be
based
on
【答案】B
< br>【解析】句意：这位教授几乎找不到充分的理由来支持他的论点，以利于新理论的
研究。
本句介词提前，
正确语序为：
ba se
his
argument
on
the
sufficient
grounds.
答案为B。
26．King
Wu
died
shortly
after
the
conquest,
_____.
A.
leaving
a
huge
territory
to
be
consolidated
B.
a
huge
territory
was
left
to
be
consolidat ed
C.
left
a
huge
< p>territoryto
consolidate
D
.
that
consolidated
a
huge
territory
to
be
left
< p>【答案】C
【解析】句意：在征战不久之后，吴国皇帝就去世了，留下一大
片领土需要巩固。
consolidate意为
“
加强， 巩固
”
，通常不用被动形式。答案为C。
27．All<
/p>
matter,
_____,
is
made
up
of
atoms.
A.
whe ther
it
be
gas,
liquid
or
solid
B.
no
matt er
gas,
liquid
or
solid
C.
being
it
gas,
l iquid
or
solid
D.
whic h
is
gas,
liquid
or
solid
【答案】A
【解析】句意：一切物质，无论它是气体
、液体还是固体，都是由原子构成的。本
题考察的是Whether引导的让步状语从句
与be型虚拟语气，
在这种句型中，
谓语用动
词原形表示
。选项A也可以改成
“
be
it
gas,
liquid
or
solid
”
，即倒装语 序形式，
省略whether，主谓语颠倒，一般出现在谓语动词为BE的情况下。
28．We
_____
the
letter< /p>
yesterday,
but
it
didn
’
t
arrive.
A.
must
receive
B.
ought
to
receive
C.
must
have
received
D.
ought
< p>tohave
received
【答案】D
【解析】句意：我们本该昨天收到信的，但是它却没到。虚拟语气。ought
t o
have
done表示与过去事实不符的假设，相当于should<
/p>
have
done。D项符合题意。
29．
Anyone
with
half
an
eye
on
the
unemployment
figures< /p>
knew
that
the
assertion
about
economic
recovery
just
around
the
corner
was
untrue.
A.
would
be
B.
to
be
C.
w as
D.
being
【答案】D
【解析】句意：任何略微了解失业数据的人都知道，经济复苏指日可待的断言是不
正确的。that后面引导宾语从句，the
assertion(主语)
ab out
economic
recovery
being
just
around
the
< p>corner(定语)was(谓语)
untrue(表语)，横线处考察非 谓
语，且是一种现在的状态，故选being。D为正确答案。
30．Greater
efforts
to
increase
agricultural
production
must
< p>bemade
if
food
shor
tage
.
A.
is
to
be
avoided
B.
can
be
avoided
C.
will
be
< p>avoided
D.
has
been
avoided
【答案】A
【解析】
句意：
如果食物短缺要被避免，
我们必须做出巨大的努力来增加农业产量。
< br>考察将来时表达法。使用be
to
do
sth表示将来时， 表示计划的事情；或者表示注
定要做某事；也可以表示强制要求做某事，相当于have
to,
must，本题中考察的是
最后一种用法。故A正
确。
Part
II.
Reading
Co mprehension
(40
points)
Sect
ion
A:
Directions:In
this
section
you
will
read
three
passages.
Each
one
i s
followed
by
some
que stions
or
unfinished
statements.
For
each
of
them
th ere
are
four
choices
m arked
A,
B,
C
and
D.
You
should
decide
on
< p>thebest
choice
and
write
the
corresponding
letter
on
the
Answer
Sheet.
(30
points
in
total,
2
points
each)
Questions
to
35
are
based
on
the
following
passage.
Can
electricity
cause
cance r?
In
a
society
that
literally
runs
on
electric
< p>power,
the
very
idea
seems
preposterous.
But
for
more
than
a
decade,
a
growing
band
of
scienti sts
and
journalists
has
< p>pointed
to
studies
that
seem
to
link
exposure
to
electromagnetic
fields
wi
th
increased
risk
of
leuke mia
and
other
malignancies.
< p>Theimplications
are
unset
tling,
to
say
the
least,
since
everyone
comes
in to
contact
with
such
field s,
which
are
generated
by< /p>
everything
electrical,
from< /p>
power
lines
and
antennas
to
personal
computers
and
micro-wave
ovens.
Because
evidence
on
the
subject
is
inconclusive
and
often
contradictory,
it
has
been< /p>
hard
to
decide
whether
concern
about
the
health
< p>effects
of
electricity
is< /p>
legitimate
—
or
the
worst
kind
of
paranoia.
Now
the
alarmists
have
g ained
some
qualified
support
from
the
U.S.
Environment
al
Protection
Agency.
In
t he
executive
summary
of
a< /p>
new
scientific
review,
released
in
draft
form
la te
last
week,
the
EPA
< p>hasput
forward
what
amounts
to
the
most
serio us
government
warning
to
d ate.
The
agency
tentatively<
/p>
concludes
that
scientific
evidence
“
suggests
a
causal
link
”
between
extremely
low-frequ ency
electromagnetic
fields
—
those
having
very
long
wave
lengths
—
and
le ukemia,
lymphoma
and
brain
cancer.
While
the
report
falls
short
of
classifying
ELF
fields
as
probable
< p>carcinogens,it
does
ident
ify
the
common
60-hertz
ma gnetic
field
as
“
a
possible,
but
not
proven,
cause
of
cancer
in
hum ans.
”
The
report
is
no
reason
to
panic
—
or
even
to
lost
sleep.
If
there
is
a
cancer
risk,
it
is
< p>asmall
one.
The
evidenc e
is
still
so
controversia l
that
the
draft
stirr
ed
a
great
deal
of
d ebate
within
the
government,
and
the
EPA
released
it
over
strong
objections
< p>fromthe
Pentagon
and
th e
White
House.
But
now
no
one
can
deny
tha t
the
issue
must
be
taken
seriously
and
that
m uch
more
research
is
n eeded.
At
the
heart
of
the
debate
is
a
sim ple
and
well-understood
physical
phenomenon:
When
an
e lectric
current
passes
through
a
wire,
it
generates
an
electromagnetic
field
tha t
exerts
forces
on
surroun ding
objects.
For
many
years,
scientists
dismissed
any
suggestion
that
such
forc es
might
be
harmful,
p
rimarily
because
they
are
so
extraordinarily
weak.
The
ELF
magnetic
field
genera
ted
by
a
video
terminal
measures
only
a
few
mi lligauss,
or
about
one-hundr
edth
the
strength
of
the
earth
’
s
own
magneti c
field.
The
electric
fields
surrounding
a
power
line
can
be
as
high
as
10
kilo
volts
per
< p>meter,
but
the
correspondi ng
field
induced
in
human< /p>
cells
will
be
only
a bout
1
millivolt
per
m eter.
This
is
far
less
than
the
electric
fields
< p>thatthe
cells
themselves<
/p>
generate.
How
could
su ch
minuscule
forces
pose
a
health
danger?
The
consen sus
used
to
be
that
they
could
not,
and
fo r
decades
scientists
concentrate d
on
more
powerful
kin ds
of
radiation,
like
X-ra ys,
that
pack
sufficient
w allop
to
knock
electrons
out
of
the
molecules
th at
make
up
the
human
body.
Such
“
ionizing
”
radiations
have
been
cl early
linked
to
increased
cancer
risks
and
there
are
regulations
to
control
< p>emissions.
But
epidemiological
studies,
which
find
statist ical
associations
between
se
ts
of
data,
do
not
< br>prove
cause
and
effect.
Though
there
is
a
body
of
laboratory
work
showing
that
exposure
to
ELF
fields
can
have
biological
effects
on
animal
tissues,< /p>
a
mechanism
by
which
those
effects
could
lead
to
cancerous
growths
has
never
been
found.
The
Pentagon
is
far
from
< p>persuaded.In
a
blistering
33-page
critique
of
the
EPA
report,
Air
Force
scientists
charge
its
authors
with
having
“
biased
the
entire
document
”
toward
proving
a
link.
“
Our
reviewers
are
convinced
that
there
is
no
< p>suggestionthat
(electromagnetic
fields)
present
in
the
environment
induce
or
promot e
cancer,
”
the
Air
Force
concludes.
“
It
is
astonishing
that
the
EP A
would
lend
its
imprimatu r
on
this
report.
”
Then
Pentagon
’
s
concern
is
understandable.
There
is
hardly
a
u nit
of
the
modern