-
范文原文
The pie charts below
show units of electricity production by fuel
source in Australia and France in
1980
and 2000.
Summarize the information by
selecting and reporting the main features, and
make comparisons
where relevant.
The charts compare the
sources of electricity in Australia and France in
the years 1980 and 2000.
Between
these
years
electricity
production
almost
doubled,
rising
from
100
units
to
170
in
Australia, and from 90 to 180 units in
France.
In
1980
Australia
used
coal
as
the
main
electricity
source
(50
units)
and
the
remainder
was
produced
from natural gas, hydro power (each producing 20
units) and oil (which produced only
10
units). By 2000, coal had become the fuel for more
than 75% of electricity produced and only
hydro continued to be another
significant source supplying approximately 20%.
In
contrast,
France
used
coal
as
a
source
for
only
25
units
of
electricity
in
1980,
which
was
matched by natural gas. The remaining
40 units were produced largely from oil and
nuclear power,
with
hydro
contributing
only
5
units.
But
by
2000
nuclear
power,
which
was
not
used
at
all
in
Australia, had
developed into the main source, producing almost
75% of electricity, at 126 units,
while
coal and oil together produced only 50 units.
Other sources were no longer significant.
Overall,
it
is
clear
that
by
20000
these
two
countries
relied
on
different
principal
fuel
sources:
Australia relied on coal and France on
nuclear power.
图表分析
终于出现一个饼图了，
而且在雅思考试中，
不会只出现一个饼图，
而是会多个饼图同时出现。
这种图不会太难，让我们兴高采烈的开始吧。
第一步：确定
X
轴和
Y
轴
X1
有序变量
年代
1980
和
2000
X2
无序变量
国家
澳大利亚、法国
X3
无序变量
原料种类
煤炭、石油、天然气、水力发电、核能
Y
绝对变量
发电量
特别
注意，
这个饼图各个部分标注的并不是常见的百分比，
而是实际的发电量，
这点需要特
别注意，英国佬好狡猾啊，居然在这个地方设一陷阱，好在我见过世
面，呵呵
第二段：分析图形
先不管这么多了，将发电量转变成百分比，见下表不过大家在考试是不需要做得如此细致，
但是心里得有个谱，对自己所需要用百分数表示的数据标注在图上
1980
2000
绝对值
相对值
绝对值
相对值
Australia
coal
50
50
130
76
oil
10
10
2
1
natural gas
20
20
2
1
hydro power
20
20
36
21
coal
25
28
25
14
France
oil
20
22
25
14
natural gas
25
28
2
1
hydro power
5
6
2
1
nuclear power
15
17
126
70
第三步：确定框架
文章采
用了朴实，
并且很实用的方法，
一个图一个图的介绍。
不过要同时 加上年度变化的特
征。
精细分析
题目
The pie charts
below show units of electricity production by fuel
source in Australia and France in
1980
and 2000.
?
文章谈到的四个要素：
units of electricity production, fuel source, Australia and France, 1980
and 2000
第一段
The charts compare the sources of
electricity in Australia and France in the years
1980 and 2000.
?
四个要素也不能少
: sources, electricity, Australia and France, 1980 and 2000
?
这次我们也试着将名词性短语改成一个句子
,
The
charts
indicate
how
many
units
of
electricity
were
produced
by
different
fuel
sources
in
Australia
and
France
between
1980
and
2000.
Between
these
years
electricity
production
almost
doubled,
rising
from
100
units
to
170
in
Australia, and from 90 to 180
units in France.
?
说明两个国家 从
1980
到
2000
的总量的变化
?
比较一下两个
double
的用法
? double [vi]: Electricity production
almost doubled.
? double [vt]: The two
countries doubled their electricity production.
?
这两种用法在雅思图表作文中都很常用，注意一下
第二段
In
1980
Australia
used
coal
as
the
main
electricity
source
(50
units)
and
the
remainder
was
produced from natural gas, hydro power
(each producing 20 units) and oil (which produced
only
10 units).
?
说明了澳大利亚
1980
年情况，
?
注意同义表达
use…as the source, be produced from
By
2000,
coal
had
become
the
fuel
for
more
than
75%
of
electricity
produced
and
only
hydro
continued to
be another significant source supplying
approximately 20%.
?
说明了澳 大利亚
2000
年的情况，注意此处引用了百分数，而非绝对值
?
这里采用了
fuel
作为了表达的主语，如
Coal
had
become
the
fuel,
Hydro
continued
to
be
another source.
第三段
In
contrast,
France
used
coal
as
a
source
for
only
25
units
of
electricity
in
1980,
which
was
matched by natural gas. The remaining
40 units were produced largely from oil and
nuclear power,
with hydro contributing
only 5 units.
?
说明法国
1980
年的情况
?
类似于
1980
年澳大利亚的表达：
use…as a source, be produced from
But
by 2000 nuclear power, which was not used at all
in Australia, had developed into the main
source,
producing
almost
75%
of
electricity,
at
126
units,
while
coal
and
oil
together
produced
only 50 units. Other
sources were no longer significant.
?
说明了法国
2000
年的情况
?
类似于
2000
年澳 大利亚的表达：
nuclear had developed into the main source
第四段
Overall,
it
is
clear
that
by
20000
these
two
countries
relied
on
different
principal
fuel
sources:
Australia relied on
coal and France on nuclear power.
?
上文谈到了
1980
年和
2000
年两国的发电总量变化（年代变化），这里谈到
20 00
年两国
的主要依赖能源（国家对照）
词汇句型积累
雅思图表作文
基本功主要考察的是同义表达，如下面的这句话，就会有多种表达
?
Australia used coal as the main electricity source
?
Coal was the main source for electricity in Australia.
?
The main proportion of electricity was produced from coal in Australia.
?
Coal became the main fuel to produce electricity in Australia.
这个句子中有几个要素
coal,
electricity,
Australia,
你只要将这 几个要素所作的句子成分发
生变化，
句式就会呈现多样性，
同义多样表达必须掌握，
大家平时可以自己多做这样的练习，
以便掌握
好这项基本技能。
范文原文
The chart below shows the amount of
money per week spent on fast foods in Britain. The
graph
shows the trends in consumption
of fast foods.
Write a report a
university lecturer describing the information
shown below.
The chart
shows that high income earners consumed
considerably more fast foods than the other
income groups, spending more than twice
as much on hamburgers (43 pence per person per
week)
than
on
fish
and
chips
or
pizza
(both
under
20
pence).
Average
income
earners
also
favored
hamburgers,
spending 33 pence per person per week, followed by
fish and chips at 24 pence, then
pizza
at
11
pence.
Low
income
earners
appear
to
spend
less
than
other
income
groups
on
fast
foods,
though
fish
and
chip
remains
their
most
popular
fast
food,
followed
by
hamburgers
and
then
pizza.
From the graph we can see that
in 1970, fish and chips were twice as popular as
burgers, pizza
being at that time the
least popular fast food. The consumption of
hamburgers and pizza has risen
steadily
over
the
20
year
period
to
1990
while
the
consumption
of
fish
and
chips
has
been
in
decline over that
same period with a slight increase in popularity
since 1985.
图表分析
这也是一个组合图，
一个直方图和一个线图，
直方图指的是图形的样式，
要细分的话可以分
为很多种类，但是按照我们经典的
X< /p>
轴，
Y
轴的分析，我们就能够得到图形的含义，而不
必理会图形的样式。
第一步：确定
X
轴和
Y
轴
柱状图
X1
有序变量
高中低收入
X2
无序变量
汉堡、薯片、匹萨
Y1
绝对变量
花销费用
线图
X1
有序变量
1970-1990
X2
无序变量
汉堡、薯片、匹萨
Y1
绝对变量
消耗量
第二步：分析图形
柱状图
当
X1
为高收入人群时
?
汉堡
42
，薯条
17
，匹萨
19
，其中汉堡消耗最大
当
X1
为中收入人群时
?
汉堡
33
，薯条
25
，匹萨
11
，其中汉堡消耗最大
当
X1
为低收入人群时
?
汉堡
14
，薯条
18
，匹萨
7
，其中薯条消耗最大
当
X2
为汉堡时
?
高收入
42
，
中收入
33
，
为高中收入人群的最爱
当
X2
为薯条时
?
高收入
17
，
中收入
25
，
低收入
18
，
中收入人群消耗最大
当
X2
为匹萨时
?
高收入
19
，
中收入
11
，
低收入
7
，
高收入消耗最大
线图
当
X2
为汉堡时
?
上升，起点
小于
100
，
终点
大于
500
，
涨幅
大于
400
当
X2
为匹萨时
?
上升，起点
小于
100
，
终点
小于
300
，
涨幅
接近
200
当
X2
为汉堡时
?
下升，起点
100
，
终点
大于
200
，
涨幅
接近
100
，其中
1984
年最低
200
当
X1
为起点是
?
薯条最多
300
，
汉堡次之
90
，
匹萨最少
30
当
X1
为终点是
?
汉堡最多
530
，
匹萨次之
280
，
薯条最少
230
第三步：确定框架
信
息好多啊，来来回回一分析，
信息一大堆，
该如何办？信息多其实也是一件好事， 信息多
的时候考察你对信息的筛选和组织的能力，
这个能力跟英文关系不 大，
考虑你的是图表的分
析能力。
信息少其实也是一件坏 事，
对一个简单的线图写出
150
字的文章，
这个 考察的是对
英文多样表达的能力。
第一个图是
柱状图，
他有两个逻辑顺序，
一个是按照收入水平，先说高收入人群的情况，再< /p>
是中收入人群，
最后是低收入人群；
第二个是按照汉堡、< /p>
薯片和匹萨的种类。本文采用的是
按照收入水平的第一个逻辑顺序。
第二个图是线图，也有两个逻辑，一个是按照年代，薯条下降，而汉堡和匹萨
上升；另外一
个是按照起点和终点的信息，很明显，这个分类含有信息太少，不太合适分
类。
精细分析
题目
The chart below
shows the amount of money per week spent on fast
foods in Britain. The graph
shows the
trends in consumption of fast foods.
?
两句话，两个图
第一段
The chart shows
that high income earners consumed considerably
more fast foods than the other
income
groups, spending more than twice as much on
hamburgers (43 pence per person per week)
than on fish and chips or pizza (both
under 20 pence).
?
说明了高收入 人群的两个特点，第一是消耗快餐最多，第二是人群中
hamburger,
fish
and
chips,
pizza
的特点
?
spending more than twice as much on hamburgers than on fish and chip and chips or pizza
这是
一句令人费解的句子，含义应为
“
消耗的汉堡是薯片或匹 萨的两倍多
”
，应用的句型应当为
典型
的表示倍数关系的句型
“n times as…as”,
比如
? This airplane flies two times as fast
as that one.
这家飞机的飞行速度是那架的两倍。
? He has five times as many books as
you.
他拥有的书是你的五倍。
?
所以，这句话应当为
spending more than twice as much on hamburger as on fish and chips or
pizza,
其中
more than
修饰
twice,
表示比较句型为
twice as much…as
?
表示倍数比较的句型中还有一个重要的
n times more than,
也表示
“
是几倍
”
，而非多几倍，
比如
? China
is 22 times larger than Britain.
中国是英国的
22
倍。
?
fish and chips
表示的一组东西
“
油煎鱼价炸土豆片
”
，表示的是个不可数的概念
Average
income
earners
also
favored
hamburgers,
spending
33
pence
per
person
per
week,
followed by fish and chips
at 24 pence, then pizza at 11 pence.
?
说明了中收入人群的三类食品的消耗情况。
?
这句是典型的表示顺序关系的表达，
hamburgers, followed by fish and chips, then pizza,
其
表达句型为
A, followed by B, then C
，这种表达尤其在饼图中应用尤为广泛
Low
income earners appear to spend less than other
income groups on fast foods, though fish and
chips remains their most popular fast
food, followed by hamburgers and then pizza.
?
说明了低收入人群的两个特征，第一是该人群消耗的 快餐数量最少，通过
though
这个从
句说明了第二个
特征，那就是该人群消耗三类食品的情形。
?
结合上句，来看看如何表达
“
最喜欢
”
，
Average income earners favored hamburgers; Fish and
chips remains their most
popular fast food.
第二段
From the graph we can see that in 1970,
fish and chips were twice as popular as burgers,
pizza
being at that time the least
popular fast food.
?
说明三类食品的起点（
1970
）情况，
? N times as…as
句型说明了
fish and chips
和
burgers
的关系
?
pizza being the least popular fast food at that time
为
“
独立主格结构
”
The consumption of hamburgers and pizza
has risen steadily over the 20 year period to 1990
while
the consumption of fish and chips
has been in decline over that same period with a
slight increase
in popularity since
1985.
?
用一个表示对照的连词
while
说明上升趋势的
hamburgers
和下降趋势的< /p>
fish and chips
注意上升和下降的表达
?
上升
has risen steadily
?
下降
has been in decline
?
表示段时间
over the 20 year period to 1990, over the same period
?
with a slight increase in popularity
用
with
从句补充说明大趋势下的小变化
词汇句型积累
重点和难点是表示倍数关系的比较句型
?
N times as+
形容词或副词原级
…as
?
N times+
形容词或副词的比较级
…than
这两
者均表示
“
是几倍
”
，并非
“
多出几倍
”
，特别注意，很多参考书都写错了
表示三种的顺序关系
A, followed by B, then C
，这个表达在饼图中很常用
表示变化趋势
?
表示上升
rise, be in increase
?
表示下降
be in decline, drop
范文原文
The
chart
below
shows
the
amount
of
leisure
time
enjoyed
by
men
and
women
of
different
employment
status.
Write a report for a university
lecturer describing the information shown
below.
The chart shows the number
of hours enjoyed by men and women in a typical
week in 1998
–
9,
according to gender and employment
status.
Among those employed full-time,
men on average had fifty hours of leisure, whereas
women had
approximately
thirty- seven
hours.
There
were
no
figures
given
for
male
part-time
workers,
but
female
part-timers
had
forty
hours
of
leisure
time,
only
slightly
more
than
women
in
full-time
employment, perhaps reflecting their
work in the home.
In the unemployed and
retired categories, leisure time showed an
increase for both sexes, as might
have
been expected. Here too, men enjoyed more leisure
time
–
over eight hours, compared with
seventy
hours
for
women,
perhaps
once
again
reflecting
the
fact
that
women
spend
more
time
working in the
home than men.
Lastly, housewives
enjoyed approximately fifty-four hours of leisure,
on average. There were no
figures given
for househusbands! Overall, the chart demonstrates
that in the categories for which
statistics on male leisure time were
available, men enjoyed at least ten hours of extra
leisure time.
图表分析
< p>
一个典型的柱状图
,
很简单的图考察的是你的文字功底
,
也就是如何实现同义表达，好了，开
始吧
第一步：分析
X
轴和
Y
轴
X1
分类变量
性别
X2
分类变量
就业状态
full-time, part-time, unemployed, retired, housewives
Y
绝对指标
休闲时间
hours of leisure time
第二步：分析图表
按
X2
的就业状态进行分类
men
women
full-time
50
37
part-time
-
40
unemployed
85
70
retired
85
70
housewives
-
54
而且注意，这些方格中还有一些缺项
按
X1
的男女人群分
男
最多
unemployed, retired
人群
85
；
最少
full-time 50
女
最多
unemployed, retired
人群
70
；
最少
full-time 37
第三步：确定框架
很简单，这也有两种逻辑框
架，
第一是按照人群分类，共是
5
类人群；
第二种 是按照男女性
别进行分类。有一点需要特别注
意，无论采取何种逻辑框架，重要的图形特征都需要纳入到文章当中。从文章的含义来看，
选用按人群分类比较合适，但是
我们结合图形，很明显就可以看出，
5
小类可以合并成
3
大类，
emp loyed full-time, part-time
算作工作族；
unemployed
，
retired
算作无工作族，
housewives
算作另类工作族。结合图形，将较多的小 类合并成较少的
大类，把特征类似的放在
一起来讲，这样简单明了。
精细分析
题目
The
chart
below
shows
the
amount
of
leisure
time
enjoyed
by
men
and
women
of
different
employment status.
?
简单的题目，
但是把文章的三个指标 都给谈到了，
时间
the amount of leisure time,
性别
by
men and women
，工作种类
of different employment status
第一段
The chart shows
the number of hours enjoyed by men and women in a
typical week in 1998
–
9,
according to gender and employment
status
.
?
典型的通过改写题目，提示图表的内容
?
看作者是如何谈论三个指标的，时间
the number of hours,
性别
men and women,
工作种类
according to gender
and employment status
（再次谈到了性别）
，
另外补充说明了图形标题的一点内容
in a typical
week in 1998
–
9.
第二段
Among those
employed full-time, men on average had fifty hours
of leisure, whereas women had
approximately thirty-seven
hours.
?
用一个
whereas
连词，对比说明了
men
和
wo men
的时间情形，
?
工作组别信息：
among those employed full- time
?
性别信息：
men, women
?
时间信息：
had fifty hours of leisure, had thirty-seven hours
?
表示平均
on average,
表示大约
approximately
There were no figures given for male
part-time workers, but female part-timers had
forty hours of
leisure time, only
slightly more than women in full-time employment,
perhaps reflecting their work
in the
home.
?
这句话说明了两点内容，第一是
part-time workers
的情况，第二是与
full-time employment
作了比较
?
工作组别和性别信息：
for male part-time workers, female part-timers
?
时间信息：
There were no figures given (
表示缺失值
)
，
had forty hours of leisure time
?
比较
part-time
和
full- time
妇女的休息时间
（
Female part-timers had
）
only slightly more than
women in full-time
employment,
注意短语的逻辑主语，还有必须注意
part- time
和
full-time
妇女的不同表示法
?
适度的评价，
perhaps
reflecting
their
work
in
the
home,
这句其逻辑主语为前面那句
only
slight
more than women
in full-time employment
，这句话的含义是
“
虽然为
part-time females,
但是相应的承担了更多
的家务，所以休息时间只
是比
full-time females
多那么一点点
”
第三段
In
the
unemployed
and
retired
categories,
leisure
time
showed
an
increase
for
both
sexes,
as
might have been expected.
?
这句将
unemployed
and
retired
categories
这两个组和其他组别比较的特征做了说明，图上
也很明显，这两组人的
l eisure time
非常多，
?
as might have been expected, as
为代词，指代前面这句话内 容，意思为
“
正如
”
；这是个插入
语，经常用到
Here
too,
men
enjoyed
more
leisure
time
–
over
eight
hours,
compared
with
seventy
hours
for
women, perhaps
once again reflecting the fact that women spend
more time working in the home
than
men.
?
说明了
m en
和
women
的比较，比较词为
compar ed with
?
(Eight hours are) compared with seventy hours,
注意比较的成分应当是对等的， 时间对应时
间，
compare
这个词在
雅思写作中以被动态比较常见，很少出现
comparing with
的形式，切记
第四段
Lastly, housewives enjoyed
approximately fifty-four hours of leisure, on
average. There were no
figures given
for househusbands!
?
说明了
housewives
的
leisure time
，很明显，
househusbands
为缺失值
Overall,
the
chart
demonstrates
that
in
the
categories
for
which
statistics
on
male
leisure
time
were available, men enjoyed at least
ten hours of extra leisure time.
?
Overall
代表是文章的总结句，但是作者从 另外一个逻辑角度，即按照总体性别来看，
men
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
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